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GKI = Glucose (mmol/L) / Ketones (mmol/L)
Ketone bodies are produced by the liver during periods of low carbohydrate intake, fasting, or prolonged exercise. The main types are:
GKI is a key metric that compares glucose and ketone concentrations to assess metabolic state.
GKI = (Glucose in mmol/L) / (Ketones in mmol/L)
Intense workouts increase fatty acid oxidation, temporarily raising ketone levels even with moderate carb intake.
Hormonal surges in the early morning elevate glucose levels, possibly inflating GKI inaccurately.
Prolonged fasts (over 72 hours) can lead to BHB levels exceeding 7.0 mmol/L. Monitor under supervision.
Ketone levels above 5.0 mmol/L with glucose > 13.9 mmol/L may indicate DKA in type 1 diabetics — a medical emergency.
Ethanol metabolism can produce ketones even if carb intake is high, potentially misleading GKI interpretation.
Mark, age 35, follows a cyclical keto diet with high-carb days. Despite consuming 100g carbs post-training, his ketones remain at 1.8 mmol/L the next morning due to glycogen depletion.
Lena, age 12, on a 4:1 ketogenic protocol for seizure control, maintains a steady GKI of 1.2 — aligning with a 75% reduction in seizure frequency.
Further reading: NCBI on Ketogenic Diets.
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Glucose Level | 5.5 mmol/L |
Ketone Level | 1.2 mmol/L |
GKI | 4.58 |
Status | Moderate Ketosis |
Edge Case | None detected |