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Code complexity measures how difficult a codebase is to read, test, and maintain. Complex code often results in:
Measures the number of independent paths through a program's source code.
Formula:
CC = E - N + 2P
Based on the number of operators and operands in your code.
n1 = distinct operators
n2 = distinct operands
N1 = total operator occurrences
N2 = total operand occurrences
Vocabulary (n) = n1 + n2
Length (N) = N1 + N2
Volume (V) = N * log2(n)
Difficulty (D) = (n1 / 2) * (N2 / n2)
Effort (E) = D * V
A composite metric that considers complexity, volume, and code length.
MI = 171 - 5.2 * ln(V) - 0.23 * CC - 16.2 * ln(LOC)
A critical method in a financial API reached a complexity score of 36. Refactoring into smaller, focused functions reduced the score to < 10 per method and lowered post-deployment bugs by 40%.
Embedded code with low branching but intense bitwise logic showed high Halstead Effort. Modularizing improved readability and onboarding time by 30%.
Start analyzing your code now to improve quality, reduce bugs, and ship with confidence!
Metric | Formula | Sample Values |
---|---|---|
Cyclomatic Complexity | CC = E - N + 2P | E = 15, N = 12, P = 1 → CC = 5 |
Halstead Volume | V = N * log2(n) | n = 20, N = 100 → V ≈ 432.2 |
Halstead Difficulty | D = (n1 / 2) * (N2 / n2) | n1 = 10, N2 = 60, n2 = 8 → D = 37.5 |
Maintainability Index | MI = 171 - 5.2 * ln(V) - 0.23 * CC - 16.2 * ln(LOC) | V = 432.2, CC = 5, LOC = 200 → MI ≈ 65 |